A groundbreaking study reveals that cold weather can intensify air pollution through unexpected chemical reactions in fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The formation of hydroxymethanesulphonate — traditionally thought to occur in clouds — is now observed in freezing aerosols, posing challenges for pollution control. While the findings are most significant for cold industrialized regions like Fairbanks, Alaska, they hold broader implications for high-altitude regions affected by climate change. This discovery underscores the need to better understand temperature-driven chemical processes to combat worsening air quality.

The UN's COP16 talks on drought management, held in Saudi Arabia, ended without a binding agreement, reflecting disagreements between developed and developing countries. While African nations pushed for stronger accountability through a drought protocol, developed nations resisted, favoring a more flexible approach. Despite financial pledges of $12 billion, far more investment is needed to combat the worsening drought crisis. The failure to finalize a pact underscores the urgent need for action, with future talks scheduled for COP17 in 2026.

India’s green hydrogen ambitions are critical for its net-zero emissions target by 2070. However, high production costs and financial hurdles threaten progress. Learning from global models, India must implement innovative policies, financing mechanisms, and international collaborations to scale production and attract investments. Industrial hubs in states like Gujarat and Odisha will play a crucial role in demonstrating economic viability, positioning India as a leader in the global clean energy transition.

La Niña, a cooling phase of the Pacific Ocean, plays a critical role in India’s weather patterns, bringing favorable monsoons and cooler winters. Its delayed formation this year raises concerns about its impact on Indian winters, summers, and monsoons in 2025. While La Niña generally ensures robust rainfall, climate change may amplify its effects, causing unpredictable and extreme weather globally. Understanding La Niña’s patterns is essential for managing its impact on agriculture, air quality, and regional economies.

A group of 55 Rajya Sabha MPs has submitted a motion to remove Allahabad High Court Judge Shekhar Kumar Yadav for alleged communal remarks. The removal process, governed by Articles 124 and 217 of the Constitution and the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968, involves a detailed investigation and parliamentary approval with a special majority. While essential to safeguard judicial independence, the complexity of the process highlights challenges in holding judges accountable. Justice Yadav’s remarks raise larger questions about maintaining judicial neutrality

Switzerland’s suspension of MFN status under the DTAA affects taxation for Indian businesses but does not impact broader trade agreements. India’s TEPA deal with EFTA nations, including Switzerland, remains intact with a $100 billion investment commitment. India plans to renegotiate the DTAA to ensure favorable terms and continue fostering strong economic relations.